A proper strength training or cardiovascular workout begins with a warm up involving non-resistive movements followed by the stretching of the various muscles. The initial goal of the warm up should be to raise the core body temperature so that the muscles are not “cold.” If a cold muscle were to be stretched, there would be greater probability of it sustaining injury. Non-resistive movements raise the core body temperature because they involve moving various muscles without straining them by over extension or the use of weights. This prepares them for stretching. Stretching can be static, which means to hold a position for a minimum of 10 seconds to a maximum of 30, or dynamic, in which the stretched position is coupled with movement such as walking while performing a toe touch. The goal of the stretch should be to move a body part to some extreme until there is mild discomfort. Stretching can also be performed with a partner to achieve a greater range of motion. Stretching allows the body's muscles and ligaments to keep from tearing or pulling.
Strength Training
In strength training, the warm up is followed by a comprehensive exercise period which generally focuses on a part of the body such as the core, the lower body, or the upper body. Strength training is anaerobic exercise which triggers anaerobic metabolism that in turn builds muscle. Anaerobic exercises are resistance-based with the goal of building muscle mass and strength for activities that have short durations and require much power. The goal of a strength training workout is to achieve a balance between intensity, the amount of resistance, and volume, or sets and repetitions to maximize the effect of the workout. For instance, if the goal is to build muscle mass, then one should do fewer reps with more resistance or, if the goal is to tone the muscles, then one should do more reps with less resistance.
Cardiovascular Training
Cardiovascular training is aerobic exercise, meaning it focuses on improving the ability of the body to consume oxygen. Cardiovascular training involves exercises such as swimming, running, cross country skiing, and cycling over long periods of time at a relatively moderate intensity. This kind of training is generally used by athletes who must maintain intensity for extended periods of time. An effective work out should last at least twenty minutes.
Post-Workout Cool Down
Following both cardiovascular and strength training, there should be a cool down period which gradually takes the body from a state of high intensity to a state of rest. In cardiovascular training, a cool down may involve going from a fast jog to a walk. In strength training, a cool down may involve moving from heavy resistance to non-resistance movement. This period should only last from 5 to 10 minutes.
For thousands of years, Yoga has been used to calm the mind, enrich the spirit, and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Yoga can be done nearly anywhere and with minimal equipment. Its physical and psychological health benefits are innumerable as yoga has been shown to increase concentration, promote better breathing, improve posture, tone muscles and improve mind-body awareness. Here are some ways that yoga can help you be a better you!
Flexibility
Yoga is obviously all about flexibility. We’ve all seen pictures of master yogis performing seemingly impossible feats of strength and flexibility which may appear intimidating to the beginner, but the truth is that no matter how inflexible you are, yoga will help you increase range of motion in your joints. Keeping limber is a great way to ward off injuries such as pulled muscles. It also helps relax muscles which can reduce the risk or effects of lower back pain.
Breathing
In yoga, there is much emphasis put on the importance of breathing. As an extremely important bodily function (obviously) it is worthwhile to learn to breath in the most effective manner possible. In most forms of yoga, one is taught to lengthen and deepen their breath which can improve lung capacity. Learning to be a better breather will not only help you in your yogatistical endeavors, but also in any other cardiovascular exercises you might be doing.
Strength
Yoga is always relaxing, but often times it can be very physically strenuous. Almost every yoga position (if practiced correctly) increases core abdominal strength, others focus more directly on triceps, biceps, hamstrings, quadriceps, etc. Increased strength can mean more toned muscles and greater endurance which brings us to my next point.
Posture
With greater range of motion, and increased core strength, good posture (correct alignment of the spine) is more easily maintained for extended periods of time. Over the years, gravity tends to take a toll on most people which causes them to slouch, hunch and slump. Inevitably, detrimental habits are formed. Yoga can help to reteach your body good posture to eliminate back pain.
Psychological
Yoga is proven to reduce stress dramatically due to the release of hormones such as endorphins and oxytocin and reduced levels of hormone neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. This leaves the body with a sense of calm and tranquility. Yoga also emphasizes meditative techniques which can improve one's ability to concentrate effectively over long periods of time. There is also speculation that yoga can help those afflicted by depression and other psychological disorders like Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
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